Introduction to Organismal Biology (BIOL221) - Dr. S.G. Saupe; Biology Department, College of St. Benedict/St. John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321; ssaupe@csbsju.edu; http://www.employees.csbsju.edu/ssaupe/

Review Guide - Exam #2 (Spring '08)

General:
     The exam will be similar in format to our first exam; it will be a mixture of objective (e.g., multiple choice, definition, fill-in-blank) and subjective (non-objective) questions.  The subjective questions could include completing/analyzing diagrams or experiments, short answers (require a few sentences), definitions, and matching.  The multiple choice questions will be scored electronically so you will need to bring & use a pencil.  The subjective questions can be answered using pencil or pen (I strongly recommend pencil).  The exam is designed to last one hour.  In general, the exam could include:  (1) anything covered in class; (2) items in textbook that pertain directly to concepts covered in class; (3) lecture notes on-line pertaining to material covered in class; (4) study sheets, handouts or other materials used/assigned in class; and (5) questions from videos seen in lecture (i.e., video worksheet).    On the first exam review sheet I provided some study hints that you may want to check out.   Below is a brief summary of the main topics that are "fair game" for the exam. 

Animal Transport (Circulation):

• Check out my online notes and Presidential notes
• The two quizzes distributed in class have questions similar to those that may appear on the exam
• textbook:  Chapter 47
• key topics include:  circulatory system function; no vs. open vs. closed systems; pulmonary & systemic circuits; evolution of the circulatory system; mammalian heart structure & function; origin of blood pressure & cardiac cycle; control of heart rate; EKG; vessels and blood flow rate; pressure; veins vs. capillaries.

Nutrient Processing in Animals (Digestion):

• Check out my online notes and Presidential notes
• Check out the digestion quiz & square dude meets reality
• Textbook:  chapter 41
• Key topics include:  nutritional modes and diet; general sequence of nutrient processing and gut structure; structure & function of (a) oral cavity, (b) pharynx, (c) esophagus, (d) stomach, (e) small intestine, (f) pancreas/liver/gall bladder, and (g) large intestine; digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats (including enzymes, polymers, monomers, locations; hormonal regulation (i.e., gastrin, secretin, CCK); zymogens.

Homeostasis:

• Check out my online notes on homeostasis, thermoregulation and glucose and the kidney and osmoregulation. 
• Presidential notes for "Homeostasis (thermoregulation & glucose)" and "Homeostasis and Osmoregulation"
• Gink & Go at the Ski Resort  & Gink & Go Make Bread (we didn't go over this dialog directly in class, but I did briefly mention anhydrobiosis, tardigrades, and yeast, so take a look.  Check YouTube for videos about tardigrades (way cool!).
• Textbook:  chapter 40.3, 42, 50.3
• Key topics include:  what is homeostasis?; positive, negative feedback and feed forward regulation; general mechanism for homeostatic control; blood glucose homeostasis, role of insulin, glucagon, glycogen, gluconeogenesis; life and temperature; temperature regulation in diverse animals (homeo- vs. hetertherms, ecto- vs. endotherms); mechanisms of temperature regulation; fluid balance; anyhydrobiosis; diffusion vs. osmosis vs. bulk flow; osmolarity; kidney & nephron structure; nephron function (filtration, secretion, reabsorption); relation of nephron structure to function; blood pressure and osmolarity homeostasis

Neurons:

• Check out my online notes and Presidential Notes (neurons, action potentials)
• Textbook; chapter 43
• check out Gink & Go talk about Bank Accounts
• Key topics include:  membrane potentials; action potentials; Nernst equation; synapse; neurotransmitters
• Neuron quiz given as homework