PHIL123-01A: Philosophy of Human Nature

Spring 2005: Reading and Assignment Schedule:
Reading is to be done for date listed.

To February, March, April, Exam Week

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
January 10 1 11 2

Bring Bibles (Book of Genesis, chs. 1-3)
 Intro to Genesis' view of humankind.

12 3

 

13 4

Continue discussion of Genesis chs. 2 & 3.
Do written reflection.

14 5
17 6

Read Plato, Phaedrus, pp. 1-16.

Reading Hints &
Public Folder Assignment

18 1

 

19 2

Read Plato, Phaedrus, pp. 16-26 (Socrates' first speech).

Think about...!

20 3 21 4

Read Phaedrus, 27-49 (Socrates' Second Speech)

No written reflection:

24 5 25 6

 No new reading. But do this assignment and bring it to class.

26 1

 

27 2

No new reading, but do a
Public Folder Entry

28 3
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
31 4

Emergency: Change of plans

FEBRUARY 1 5

 

2 6

California Critical Thinking Skills Inventory

3 1

Option: (not for class)
Ouisa Davis Talk on US-Mexican Border: 7:00 PM, Q 264

4 2

 Bring both Phaedrus and Buber book to class: Plan.

Writing for Today

7 3 8 4

Phaedrus to p. ??

9 5

 

10 6  

Read Phaedrus to  269d (p. 70)

Public Folder

11 1
14 2

Finish Phaedrus

thought question

15 3

Optional Review Session 8:45 PM
QUAD 360B
Review Outline

16 4

Exam 1: You can arrive 10 min. early & work 10 min late.

17

N  O      

18  

   S  C  H  O  O  L

21 5 22 6

Read Lord of the Flies, chs. 1-4, pp. 7-75. (note: older editions have different page #s)

23 1

 

24 2

Read Lord of the Flies, chs. 5-8, pp. 76-144.

Public Folder

25 3
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
28 4

Finish Lord of the Flies, chs. 9-12, pp. 145-202.

MARCH 1 5

 

2 6

Bring to class: one page essay starter draft

3 1 4 2

 Dostoevsky, chs. 3-4: "The Brothers Make Friends," "Rebellion" pp. 1-17;
context and Public Folder question

7 3 8 4

Dostoevsky, ch. 5, "The Grand Inquisitor," pp. 19-37.

Questions for thinking

9 5

 

10 6

Lord of Flies paper due;

Bring Dostoevsky books to class.

11 1
14 2

Read the chapters on "The Russian Monk," including the life of Fr. Zossima, pp. 39-80.

15 3

 

16 4

Public Folder entry

17 5

exam review:
9:15 PM
Quad 361

18 6

exam 2: come 10 minutes early if you'd like.

21

S P R I N G   B R E A K

22

S P R I N G   B R E A K

23

S P R I N G   B R E A K

24

S P R I N G   B R E A K

25

S P R I N G   B R E A K

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
28

S P R I N G   B R E A K

29 1

 

30 2

NO CLASS;

By Friday, read Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, through p. 118.

31 3 APRIL 1 4

 NO CLASS:

Public Folder Entry due

4 5 5 6

Finish Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, through "Logotherapy in a Nutshell" (119-157)

6 1

 

7 2

Sartre, "Existentialism Is a Humanism"(abridged--handout)

context/reflection

8 3
11 4

Beauvoir, Ethics of Ambiguity, start Chapter 2, pp. 35-42

Questions for Study

12 5

 

13 6

Beauvoir, Ethics of Ambiguity, 42-52 (to ¶ break)

discussion questions

14 1 15 2

No new reading

Public Folder entry

18 3 19 4

Beauvoir, pp. 52 to 57 (to bottom of the page) on the "nihilist."

study questions

20 5

 

21 6

Beauvoir, bottom of 57 to the last ¶ on 63

Public Folder entry

22 1
25 2

Read EA pp. 63-69 on the Passionate Person, Critic and Artist.
Study Questions
Optional paper due

26 3

 

27 4

Read EA 69-73 on genuine freedom

Public Folder Question

28 5

Optional Film Viewing for Final Exam: The Mission:
7:45 PM Quad 346 (Little Theater)
(or Sunday 6:30 PM)

29 6

Read EA, chapter 3.2 (skip sec. 1), pp. 78-91.

Study Questions

May 2

Study Day

Study Session
11:15 AM, Q361

3

Exams Day 1

4

Exams Day 2:
Final Exam 8-10 AM
Film details

5

Exams Day 3

6

Exams Day 4

Tuesday, January 11 (1): Introduction to topic. We will work on Genesis 1-3 in class.

Thursday, January 13 (3): Write one page (or most of a page, 150 words or so), on one of the following topics:

bulletWe have seen that chapter two really begins a different account of creation than we saw in chapter 1, a companion account, but not one that intends to fill in the details of chapter 1, but instead makes a different point. What is told in chapter 2 is the creation of Adam and then of Eve. What do you make of Adam's experience naming all the creatures and then, once Eve is created, saying, "Here at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh"? What seems to be emphasized in the chapter 2 version of the creation of humans?
bulletAs we saw in chapter 1 of Genesis, the thrust was that all of creation, including "humankind, male and female" was "good" if not "very good." What sense do you get of the goodness of this world once you finish through chapters 2 and 3?  Reflect a little on the overall feeling that chapter 3, especially the last part, gives you.

January 17 (5):

bulletBegin reading Plato, Phaedrus (pronounced fay´-drus), pp. 1-16 (stop at 237b).
bullet Reading Hints:
bullet Introduction: You do not have to read the translators' introduction, and in fact reading this probably would make more sense later on, once we've read the whole dialogue. "Introductions" are often like that. This one is good, I think, but will be hard to understand until you've read the dialogue. It will actually function better as a review or refinement of our reading and discussion.
bullet Footnotes: As for the footnotes, use your judgment. Some of them are making technical points about the translation from the Greek. Of course, one can often learn important things, even without knowing Greek, from the explanation. But the truth is that the notes are intended for a wide range of readers--some for beginning readers and some for advanced philosophy or classical studies students.
bulletOne of the things that is helpful in reading Plato's Socratic dialogues is to think of them as philosophical dramas or plays. That means that you have to may attention to the dramatic situation in order to "read" how you are supposed to take what a character is saying. You don't get background notes on the character or personality of these two conversationalists, but have to try to out what's the best way to take them. So keep an open mind about whether you think the characters are speaking sincerely, ironically, with a hidden agenda, and whether the opinions expressed in the words are ones we're expected to find convincing or unconvincing.
bullet Public Folder: Access public folders through the Outlook email program or through the CSBSJU Web Email Access. There should be a link to the public folders on the left-side menu. [If not, you can activate the "Outlook Bar" or "Folder List" with the "View" menu.] Our folder is under All Public Folders + Academic + Philosophy + Dennis Beach + PHIL123. Please go to the sub-folder for the Phaedrus, then double-click on my entry labeled "Socrates' character" or one of the responses to it.  Once this is open, you should see an option at the top called "Post Reply." This is what you should do--compose a reply and post it.  Caution: if you do not open an item, but just the folder, you will not get the "Post Reply" option, but simply the  "New" post option. If you choose this, you'll start a new conversation thread that will be separate from other entries. Try to use the "Post Reply" option to keep your answer nested with the others. Also, don't click on the plain "Reply," which sends an e-mail instead of a posting. Below is the question you will find posted in the folder.
bulletHow do you "take" Socrates' response to Phaedrus and the speech of Lysias that he read? In other words, how do you think we're supposed to respond to what Socrates is saying? Try to back up your impression by pointing to specific things in his response or in Phaedrus' conversation that serve as clues or that seem most meaningful if your "take" on Socrates is accurate. Your response should be a decent ¶ (paragraph), not just one or two sentences.
bullet POST RESPONSE BEFORE YOU GO TO BED ON SUNDAY NIGHT!!!

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Wednesday, January 19 (Day 2):

bulletNo writing for this class. Think about how Socrates' speech compares to Lysias' speech. When you add in what Socrates goes on to say in the part our editors call his "recantation," how is your view of what Socrates might be trying to do affected?

January 21 (4):

bulletThis is a little longer reading, and may require you to use your imagination to follow the scene that Socrates describes, so we'll just focus on reading. As always with philosophy, you may have to read more slowly and carefully than with other subjects.

January 25 (6):

bulletMake a drawing or diagram of the cosmic scene imagined by Socrates in his second speech in the Phaedrus. I know that many will claim not much talent and even less training in art, but I'm not necessarily looking for artistic masterpieces—although, if I get some, so much the better! The purpose of such homework is to pay close attention to the scene Socrates describes and to account for some of its details and their relation to one another. You can use pen, pencil—whatever you want—and you can use more of a schematic diagram than an illustration if you want.

January 27 (2):

bullet Public Folder topic: Find the Public Folder (see instructions on Mon., Jan 17 above) and make an entry on the following topic:
bulletSocrates returns to the description of the two horses as parts of the soul on p. 44. Since the theme of our course is human nature, write a public folder contribution in which you discuss what you think of this metaphor as a tool for understanding human nature. Does what Socrates describe seem to give us insights into human nature? What insights? Are there things you think this image misrepresents about human nature?

January 31 (4):

bulletI have had to  go to Chicago because of a death in the family. Therefore, we will not have class on Monday, January 31. However, I am changing the order of our readings, and am asking you to read the little paperback by Martin Buber: The Way of Man" According to Hasidism, by Wednesday, and then to write a short reflection paper on it for Friday. I will post the topic of the reflection as soon as possible, as well as email it to you.
bulletThe book is not long at all, and I don't think the reading will prove difficult, although the Jewish world of rabbis and zaddiks (or "tzaddik") and Hasidim may be unfamiliar. Buber's preface should help (pp. 7-8). Also, you can try the web for unfamiliar terms, although be cautious. Since it is Jewish religion and semi-mystical teaching, there are anti-Semitic web-sites that will give misleading and even hateful information. This of course is not restricted to Judaism--people full of hate have access to the WWW too, and they often publish their hatred of groups they consider "other" and therefore evil.  Just use your judgment about what you find.

February 2

bulletI will not yet be back, but the philosophy department will administer the "California Critical Thinking Skills Inventory" in class. We are doing this for our own assessment program, and are asking all students in 100-level classes to take it. it won't affect your grade, but we ask you do complete the inventory (questions) and do the best you can. That will help us evaluate our programs. Please bring a pencil.

February 4

bulletBring both the Phaedrus and the Buber book, The Way of Man: According to the Teachings of Hasidism, to class. We'll have to re-orient ourselves and construct a plan for this coming week.

February 8

bulletThis is a little longer reading, and may require you to use your imagination to follow the scene that Socrates describes, so we'll just focus on reading. As always with philosophy, you may have to read more slowly and carefully than with other subjects.

February 10

bulletRead Phaedrus to 269d (p. 70).
bulletPublic Folder: This section shifts topic (at least, it seems like a shift) to a discussion of rhetoric. However, it seems almost sure that Plato knew what he was doing and thus there must be some relevance of this section to the dialogue as a whole. What might this discussion of rhetoric have to do with the speeches on love?

February 14

bulletFinish the Phaedrus, which will finish the section on rhetoric and also the final discussion of writing. Since we are approaching an exam, I'll just give you a question to think about (not writing—be ready to discuss): Plato seems to downgrade writing compared to speech, yet he writes dialogues of philosophy. Is this a pure contradiction? Is there anything that the "writing on the soul" might relate to in the discussion of the soul in Socrates' second speech on love?

February 16

bullet Exam: You may come 10 minutes early and stay 10 minutes late. You need a pen (or dark pencil) to write with.

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Tuesday, February 22

bulletBegin Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Read chapters 1-4 (pp. 7-74 in the newest small green paper back edition).

February 24:

bulletRead LotF, chs. 5-8 (pp. 75-144).  Choose one of the following to answer in a post to the public folder:
bulletSeveral times in the novel the boys have hunted a pig. But the hunt in Chapter 8 stands out from the other descriptions as a culmination of sorts. What does this description of this hunt say about what is happening to the boys and/or about human nature?
bulletThe rather macabre scene at the end of chapter 8 is the one that gives us the title of the novel. What is the significance of Simon's "interview" with the "Lord of the Flies"?

February 28

bulletFinish novel, chapters 9-12, to page 202.

March 2

bulletBring to class a one page starter draft for an essay. Topic: When Ralph tries to discuss with Piggy the events of the previous night, when Simon is killed, he responds at one point, "Oh Piggy!" (156). Their conversation goes on for another page or so, eventually ending with all four boys seemingly agreeing, "We left early" (158). Write a one-page essay starter draft that reflects on the meaning of Ralph's saying, "Oh Piggy!" by connecting it also to the nearly final line of the novel, "...Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart..." (202).

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Friday, March 4

bulletIvan is clearly Alyosha's older brother (the eldest is Dmitri). Alyosha is a young novice or postulant in a monastery whose spiritual leader is Fr. Zossima. Ivan is significantly older than Alyosha, has been away to school and also worked a little as a journalist, and clearly is of a different temperament than his religious younger brother. This is the subject of chapter V.3: "The Brothers Become Friends."  In the following chapter, "Rebellion," Ivan explains his own attitude toward God.
bulletWrite a Public Folder Entry on the following topic: How would you respond to Ivan's "rebellion"?

March 8: Questions to think about (no writing)

bulletWhat is the Grand Inquisitor's fundamental criticism of Jesus? Where in the text do you locate his most important arguments?
bulletAlyosha says to Ivan "Your poem is in praise of Jesus, not in blame of Him — as you meant it to be." Do you agree with Alyosha? Explain.
bulletIvan had been explaining to Alyosha why he rejected God's plan for an eventual eternal harmony, why he rejects God's world. Then, when Alyosha says Jesus could solve the problem of evil and innocent suffering, Ivan says his poem addresses this issue. But does it? How? In other words, what does Ivan's story have to say about the problem of evil and Alyosha's proposal that Jesus is the key to resolving the problem?

March 10: Paper due

bulletComplete the draft you started on Lord of the Flies into a paper 600-900 words in length. The original topic was what Ralph's "Oh Piggy" line means, especially in relation to his weeping at the end of the novel. The final paper should take the insights from this look at Ralph and expand that into a thesis that explains the overall theme of the novel through this lens. In other words, How does Ralph's growing realization that is expressed in both his saying "Oh Piggy!" and weeping at the end of the novel reveal a central theme of William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies? To answer this, you will of course have to decide what Ralph's growing realization or awareness is really about, and you will have to explain why this growing realization and this weeping is important for understanding the novel as a whole.
bulletDon't write a long introduction to your paper, but launch right into your central idea. You could actually start with something like this: "One central theme of William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies, is expressed when Ralph exclaims, 'Oh Piggy!' as they discuss Simon's death at the hands of the mob of boys the previous night...." Or you could focus on the weeping at the very end. A very direct start like this launches you right into a solid topic.
bulletPlease put a proper heading on your paper, with an original title, and print your paper so that it has page numbers on each page.

March 14

bulletWrap up discussion of the Grand Inquisitor chapter. Begin discussion of Father Zossima's life story.

March 16

bulletPublic Folder topic: Dostoevsky's story of Fr. Zossima in some ways acts as a counter-balance to the criticism of religion offered by Ivan and Ivan's literary invention, the Grand Inquisitor. Choose some specific passage or details from the Father Zossima story and discuss how it provides an answer or an alternative to the perspective of the earlier chapters.

March 18: Exam: You can begin 10 minutes early and stay till 11:00

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Wednesday-Friday, March 30-April 1

bulletNo class: I am in El Salvador for the 25th anniversary of the assassination of Archbishop Romero. Begin reading Viktor E. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, through p. 118. A Public Folder entry is due by the end of the day on Friday.
bulletSee the Public Folder itself for the topic. I will get home and will check the Public Folder over the weekend; I expect your post to be made before Saturday.

April 5

bulletClass will resume. Finish Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, through "Logotherapy in a Nutshell" (119-157)

April 7

bulletRead Jean-Paul Sartre, "Existentialism is a Humanism" (handout). Prepare for class as directed in my email.

April 11

bulletRead Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity, Chapter 2, pp. 35-42 (Stop at the paragraph break on p. 42.)
bulletQuestions for study. You can bring some of your own questions--and I'm sure they'll come up, as this is a hard text--but you can begin to get a handle on things by considering the following:
bulletWhat does it mean that the child is "at play in the serious world"?
bulletWhat does Beauvoir mean by calling certain kinds of people "grown up children"?
bulletWhat changes, according to Beauvoir, when one moves from childhood to adulthood? (See pp. 38-41). (I don't want to know so much what you think changes--even though you may be right--but what Beauvoir is pointing out!)

April 13

bulletRead Beauvoir, pp. 42-52 ( to ¶ break), on the sub-human and the serious person.
bulletBe prepared to discuss the following questions, with both references to where in the text you find the answers and that you understand the text to be saying.
bulletWhat makes the sub-human person "sub"-human?
bulletWhat makes the sub-human dangerous?
bulletWhat is serious about the "serious" person?
bulletBeauvoir says that the serious person is dishonest.  How is the serious person dishonest?
bulletWhat makes the serious person dangerous?

April 15

bulletWrite a Public Folder entry by Thursday night on one of the above questions about the sub-human or the serious person. Or choose a passage that you find interesting and reflect on that passage, saying what you find interesting in it and what you think it means.

April 19

bulletRead Ethics of Ambiguity from 52 to 57 (to the bottom of the page) on the "nihilist." (I decided to hold off the section on the "adventurer.")
bulletAs you read, consider how you would answer the following questions:
bulletHow is the nihilist different from the sub-human?
bulletHow is the nihilist dangerous? (familiar question!)
bulletNihilism contains a partial truth" according to Beauvoir. What is this partial truth, and why is it only "partial"?

April 21

bulletRead from the bottom of 57 to the last ¶ on 63.
bulletAnswer in a Public Folder entry:
bulletWhy is the adventurer "almost" the hero of existentialism?  In other words, be able to say 1) what's heroic and admirable about the adventurer, and then 2) why "almost"?--what's wrong with the attitude of the adventurer?

April 25

bulletRead Ethics of Ambiguity, pp. 63-69, to the last ¶ break, on the Passionate Person, Critic and Artist.
bulletQuestions for study:
bulletIt may take some work to understand what Beauvoir means by "passionate." She does not just mean "having strong emotions." See if you can figure out from p. 64 what "passionate" means for her. What two different kinds of passions does she mention? (bottom of page 64)
bulletThe long paragraph on pp. 65-6 contains Beauvoir's critique of the passionate person. Despite what is good and exciting about passion, what are its dangers, according to Beauvoir?
bulletFinally, in the next paragraph (66-7), Beauvoir talks of a kind of "conversion" that can take place with regard to passion. What does this conversion involve?

April 27

bulletRead from the bottom of p. 69 to the end of the chapter (73). In this section, Beauvoir talks mostly of genuine [authentic] freedom, and how it works in the world. Choose something from these pages that you want to reflect on a bit and make a discussion entry to the Public Folder on Beauvoir. Public Folder entries are due "before you go to bed" Tuesday night (i.e., before I wake up Wednesday morning).

April 28

bulletThe film for the final exam is The Mission (1986), directed by Ronald Joffé and starring Jeremy Irons and Robert De Niro. It is 2:05 long. Here is the movie's Internet Movie Database page. It will be shown at group showings at the following times:
bulletThursday, April 28, 7:45 - 9:50 PM, Little Theater (Quad 346
bulletSunday, May 1, 6:30 - 8:35 PM, Little Theater (Quad 346)
bulletYou can also watch it on your own in one of the libraries: CSB has a VHS tape; SJU has the DVD, which is on reserve, plus a VHS tape and an old "laserdisk." Stations to watch these using headphones are available, or you can even reserve small rooms in each library where 10 or more people can watch the film at once. Clemens Media Desk: phone: 5609 // Alcuin Media desk: phone: 2117.

April 29

bulletWe will skip section 1 of chapter 3, and start section 2, "Freedom and Liberation" pp. 78-91. Consider the following questions to direct your reading:
bulletThe first 3 paragraphs, to the top of p. 81, talk of negative and positive aspects of science and technology [this is what is meant by the term "technics"] and art as these kinds of disciplines involve and affect human freedom. What can contribute to making these activities positive for Beauvoir?
bulletThe next several pages introduce the unfree situation of "oppression." What oppression is and what causes it, according to Beauvoir?
bulletBeauvoir introduces the idea of rebellion or revolt as one way of "surpassing what is given" when what is given involves oppression. What does she think about those who object to such revolution or rebellion? What do you think about her analysis of this?

Exam: Wednesday, May 4, 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM