General Web Links

These links are mostly external and are freely available through search engines like Google or Bing.

1.  Introduction to Chemistry and Matter

• Periodic Table Live from the Chem Ed Digital Library
• Web Element Periodic Table
• ChemiCool Periodic Table
• American Elements

• The Pictorial Periodic Table

• Chemical Elements - Interactive Periodic Table
• Touchspin's Interactive Periodic Table Main Page |  Touchspin's Interactive Periodic Table
• A great Periodic Table (PDF) to print (color) (from http://www.dayah.com/periodic/Other/Periodic%20Table.pdf)

2.  The Structure of Atoms

• Cathode Ray Tube

• Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

• Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

3.  The Periodic Table and Properties of Atoms

A.  Property of Waves

• Longitudinal and Transverse Waves

• water waves | Electromagnetic waves |

• superposition | superposition again |

• Diffraction - water waves

• Interference - water waves | 2 slit interference general

B.  What's wrong with the Rutherford "planetary" model of the atom - 1?

• vibrating charge and electromagnetic waves
• vibrating charge and the demise of the Rutherford (planetary) model of the atom

C.  Absorption and Emission (What's wrong with the Rutherford model -2)

• Emission spectra

• Absorption spectra

• Absorption/Emission Spectra: Elements Periodic Table

D.  Light as particle:  Photoelectric Effect  (What's wrong with our description of light)

• Photoelectric Effect:  Interactive

• Photoelectric Effect:  Explanation

E.  Particles as Waves: electron, neutron, and molecule diffraction/interferences (What's wrong with the Rutherford model 3)

• electrons act as waves
• Electron diffraction pattern: double slit
• Electron diffraction: 2 slit
• Derivation of Debroglie Equation
• Buckminsterfullerene:  Theoretical | Experimental 

F.  Quantum model of the atom:  Bohr Model: 

• Jumps in Bohr Model
• Bohr Model : emission spectra
• wavelengths of transitions - Bohr model

G.  Quantum model of the atom:  Modern

• Mathematical solution to Schrodinger wave equation, quantum numbers, and orbital shapes
• Quantum Numbers
• Wave function simulator (show angular wave fn, radial wave fn y, and probability density (y²) function)
• Electronic Configuration of Atoms
• Some Quantum Quotes compiled by Dr. Rioux

4.  Ionic Compounds

• The meaning and measurement of atomic radii
• WebElements: Periodicity
  • covalent radii
  • van der Waals radii
  • ionic radii (Pauling)
  • element bond length
  • density
  • ionization energy
  • electron affinity
  • electronegativity
•  J. Chem Ed: Period Table Live - Charts of Periodic Functions (pick x and y axes variables)

• Electronic Configuration of Ions

• Transition Metals:  difference from Main Group Metal

• Packing and Unit Cells

• Bragg’s Law and diffraction
• X-ray diffraction (Laue transmission) from simple cubic, bcc and fcc lattices
  

• Lattice Energy Calculator (given in negative number's however)

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5.  Molecular Compounds

• Tetrahedron Inscribed into a rotating cube

• Orbital Shape:  Atomic, Hybrid, Simple Molecular

• Atomic, Hydrid and Molecular Orbital Applet

• Hybridization

• Animation of molecular orbital formation

• Carbon compounds:  diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene  |  nanotubes

• Silica (SiO₂)

2010 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine and in Chemistry

6.  Intermolecular Forces and the Properties of Substances

• liquid water and ice

• NaCl dissolving in water (from Iowa State)

• mouse breathing in water? Explanation

• thin layer chromatography

• Reverse Phase chromatography - GE Lifesciences

 Biological Examples 

• A micelle

• A membrane bilayer

• dsDNA   | a more sophisticated tutorial on dsDNA

• a buried nonpolar group in a protein

• Ca²⁺ binding to carboxyl groups of the calcium binding protein calmodulin

• H bonds and H bonds donors and acceptors in AT and GC base pairs

• Jmol:  DNA with major and minor groves AND  H bond donors/acceptors

• DNA: protein complex

The movies below are courtesy of the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group at the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana

• water passing through aquaporin, protein channels in biological membranes: simulation

• lactose passing through the lactose permease, a membrane protein: simulation

• K⁺ ion passing through a voltage-gated K channel:  simulation

7.  Molecular Orbitals

• pi systems

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8.  Conformations of Molecules (Jmol)

• ethane   |    ethene 

• conformations of ethane  |  ethene

• conformations of propane

• butane: the gauche conformation

• pentane – zig zag

  • Steps in drawing chair conformations of cyclohexane

• Jmol and animation cyclohexane

• Jalpha and beta glucose

  • cellulose

  • Glycogen

• β - Cyclodextrin 2,7 - dihydroxynaphthalene hydrate (select Lattice, Unit Cell off)

• Puckering in ribose and deoxyribose in RNA and DNA

9.  Isomers

10. Acids and Bases