Time Scales of Various Dynamic Events That Can Occur in Enzyme Catalysis
| Motion | Approx. Time Scale - log(s) |
| bond vibration | -14 to -13 |
| proton transfer | -12 |
| hydrogen bonding | -12 to -11 |
| elastic vibration of globular region | -12 to -11 |
| sugar repuckering | -12 to -9 |
| rotation of side chains at surface | -11 to -10 |
| torsional libration of buried group | -11 to -9 |
| hinge bending at domain interfaces | -11 to -7 |
| water structure reorganization | -8 |
| helix breakdown/formation | -8 to -7 |
| allosteric transitions | -5 to 0 |
| local denaturation | -5 to 1 |
| rotation of medium-sized interior sidechains | -4 to 0 |
from Benkovic, S and Hammes-Schiffer, S. Science. 301, pg 1197 (2003)