Altmann, Stuart A. (ed.) 1967. Social Communication among Primates. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press.

Andrew, R.J. 1964. The displays of primates. In Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates: Vol. 2 (J. Buettner-Janusch, ed.) p. 227-309. New York and London Academic Press.

Andrew, R.J. 1963. Evolution of facial expression. Science 142:1034-104 1.

Andrew, R.J. 1963. The displays of primates. In Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates (J. Buettner-Janusch, ed.). New York, Academic Press.

Andrew, R.J. 1963. The origin and evolution of the calls and facial expressions of the primates. Behav. 20: 1 -1 1 0.

Anthoney, T.R. 1968. The ontogeny of greeting, grooming, and sexual motor patterns in captive baboons (Superspecies Papio cynocephalus). Behav. 31:358-372.

Argyle, M. and J. Dean. 1965. Eye contact, distance and affiliation. Sociomet., 28:289-304.

Barbara, P.A. 1956. The value of non-verbal communication in personality understanding. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 123:286-291.

Barlow, G.W. 1972. The attitude of fish eye-lines in relation to body shape and to stripes and bars. Copeia No. 1:4-1 2.

Bartholomew, G.A. and N.E. CoWas. 1962. The role of vocalization in the social behavior of the northern elephant seal. Anim. Behav. 10:7-14.

Bastian, J. 1965. Primate signaling systems and human languages. In Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes. (I. Devore, ed.). New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bastock, M. 1967. Courtship: An Ethological Study. Chicago, Aldine Publishing.

Benedict, B. 1969. Role analysis in animals and men. Man 4(2):203-214.

Bernstein, I.S. 1970. Primate status hierarchies. In Primate Behavior, Vol. 1, New York, Academic Press.

Blest, A.D. 1961. The concept of "ritualization". In Current Problems in Animal Behaviour (Thorpe and Zangwill, eds.). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Blurton-Jones, N.G. 1972. Non-verbal communication in children. In Non-Verbal Communication (R.A. Hinde, ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press.

Blurton-Jones, N.G. 1967. An ethnological study of some aspects of social behavior of children in nursery schools. In Primate Ethology (D. Morris, ed.). Chicago, Aldine Publishing Company.

Bolwig, N. 1964. Facial expressions in primates with remarks on a parallel development in certain carnivores. Behaviour 22:167-192.

Brannigan, C. and D. Humphries. 1969. I see what you mean . . . New Scientist, May 22, pp. 406-408 (also in Time, June 13, 1969, p. 48).

Brown, J.C. 1963. Aggressiveness, dominance and social organization in the steller jay. Condor 65:460-484.

Buechner, H.K. and R. Scholeth. 1965. Ceremonial mating behavior in Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomasi Newmann). Zeit. f TierpsychoL 22:209-225.

Burgers, J.M. 1966. Curiosity and play. Science 154:1680-1681.

Cannon, W.B. 1963. Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage. (2nd edition; orig. 1915). New York, Harper and Row.

Chance, M.R.A. 1967. Attention structure as the basis of primate rank orders. Man 2:503-518.

Chance, M.R.A. 1962. An interpretation of some agonistic postures: the role of "cut-off" acts and postures. Symp. ZooL Soc. Lond. 8:71-89.

Christian, J.J. 1970. Social subordination, population density, and mammalian evolution. Science 168:84-90.

Coghill, G.E. 1964. Anatomy and the Problem of Behaviour. New York and London, Hafner.

Comfort, A. 1971. Communication may be odorous. New Scientist and ScL J. 412-414.

Coon, C.S. 1966. The Living Races of Man. New York, Knopf

Craig, J.V., L.L. Ortman and A.M. Guhl. 1965. Genetic selection for social dominance ability in chickens. Animal Behaviour 13:114-13 1.

Crombie, D.L. 1971. The group system of man and paedomorphosis. Am. Anthrop. 12:147-170.

Cullen, J.M. 1966. Reduction of ambiguity through ritualization. Phil. Tranx Roy. Soc. Lond. 251:363-374.

Daanje, A. 1950. On the locomotory movements in birds and the intention movements derived from it. Behavior 3:48-98.

Damon, A. and R.B. Thomas. 1967. Fertility and physique - height, weight andponderal index. Human Biol. 39:5-13.

Dart, R.A. 1937. Physical characteristics of the khoumani Bushman. In Bushmen of the Southern Kalahari(D.J. Reinhart-Jonesand C.M. Doke, eds.). Johannesburg, Univ. of Waterstand Press.

Darwin, C. 1904. The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. Popular edition, John Murray, London.

Dittman, A.T. 1962. Relationship between body movements and moods in interviews. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 26:480.

Douglas, J.W.B., J.M. Ross, and H.R. Simpson. 1966. The relationship between height and measured educational ability in school children of the same Social class, family size, and stage of sexual development. Human Biol. 37:178-186.

DuBrul, L.E. and H. Sicher. 1956. The Adaptive Chin. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas, Publishers.

Duncan, S. 1969. Nonverbal communication. Psychological Bull. 72(2):118-137.

Dundes, A. 1970. The eyes have it or seeing is believing: worldview in American folk speech. AAA PreliminarY Program and A bstructs, Bull. 3(3):44.

Ehrlich, P. and J. Freedman. 1971. Population, crowding and human behavior. Scientist and Science J., April 1, pp. 10-14.

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1. 1970. Ethology, The Biology of Behavior. Intraspecific Aggression pp. 306-334. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1. 1970. Ethology, The Biology of Behavior. Chapt. 18, The Ethology of Man, pp. 398-465. New York, Rinehart and Winston.

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1. 1967. Concepts of ethology and their significance in the study of human behavior. In Early Behavior (H. W. Stevenson, E. H. Hess and H. L. Rheingoid, eds.). New York, Wiley.

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1. and H. Haas. 1967. Film studies in human ethology. Am. Anthrop. 8:477-479.

Eisenberg, P. 1937. Expressive movements related to feeling of dominance. Arch. Psychol. 30:5-72.

Eisenberg, P. and E. Zalowitz. 1938. Judging expressive movement: 111. Judgments of dominance feeling from phonograph records of voice. J. Appl. Psychol., 22:620-631.

Ekman, P. 1972. Facial affect scoring technique: A first validity study. Semiotica.

Ekman, P. 1969. Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science 164: 86-88.

Ekman, P. 1957. A methodological discussion of nonverbal behavior. Psychol. 43:141-149.

Ekman, P. and P. Ellsworth. 1971. Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and A Review of Findings. New York, Pergamon Press.

Ekman, P. and W.V. Friesen. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J. Per. Soc. Psych. 17(2):124-129.

Ekman, P. and Friesen, W.V. 1969. The repertoire of non-verbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage and coding. Semiotica 49-98.

Ekman, P. and W.V. Friesen. 1969. Nonverbal leakage and clues to deception. Psychiatry 32(l):88-106.

Ekman, P., E.R. Sorenson, and W.V. Friesen. 1969. Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science 164:86-8.

EWs, R. A. and W. Montagna. 1962. The skin of primates. VI. The skin of the gorilla (Gopilla go?illa). Amer. J Phys. Anthrop. 20:79-93.

Emanuel, S. 1938. Mechanisms of sebum secretion. Acta Dermato.-Vener. (Stockholm) 19:1-15.

Estes, R.D. 1969. Territorial behavior of the Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus Burchell, 1923). Zeit. f. Tierpsychol. 26:284-370.

Every, R.G. 1965. The teeth as weapons, their influence on behavior. The Lancet 11:685-688.

Ewer, R.F. 1968. Ethology of Mammals. Logos Press, Bristol. pp. 418., Fast, J. 197 1. Body Language. New York: Pocket Books.

Fox, M. 1972. The social significance of genital licking in the wolf, Canis lupus. Jour. Mamm. 53:637-641.

Fox, M.W. 1969. A comparative study of the development of facial expressions in canids: wolf, coyote and foxes. Behavior 34:49-73.

Fox, M.W. 1969. The anatomy of aggression and its ritualization in Canidae: a developmental and comparative study. Behaviour 35:242-258.

Fox, M.W. 1965. Canine Behavior. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas.

Freedman, D.G. 1964. A biological view of man's social behavior. In Social Behavior from Fish to Man. Phoenix Books, University of Chicago Press, W. Etkin (ed.).

Freedman, D.G. 1964. Smiling in blind infants and the issue of innate vs. acquired. J. Child Psychol Psychiat. S:171-184.

Freedman, D.G. 1961. The infant's fear of strangers and the flight response. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 1:242-248.

Freedman, LA. and A. Roe. 19S 8. Evolution and human behavior. In Behavior and Evolution. A. Roe and G. Simpson (eds.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Garn, S.M., S. Shelby and M.R. Crawford. 1956. Skin reflectance studies in children and adults. Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop. 14:101-117.

Geist, V. 1972. Mountain Sheep Behavior. University of Chicago Press.

Geist, V. 1966. The evolution of horn-like organs. Behavior 27:175-214.

Geist, V. 1963. On the behavior of the North American moose (Alces alces andersoni, Peterson) in British Columbia. Behavior 20:377.

Ginsburg, B.E. 1966. All mice are not created equal: recent findings on genes and behavior. Soc. Serv. Rev. 40:121-134.

Ginsberg, B.E. and Alle, W.C. 1942. Some effects of conditioning on social doninance and subordination in inbred strains of mice. Physiological Zoology IS: 485-506.

Glass, B. 1966. Evolution of hairlessness in man. Science 152:294. Goffman, E. On face-work. Psychiat. 18:213-231.

Goodhart, C.B. 1960. The evolutionary significance of human hair patterns and skin coloring. Advance. Sci. 17:53-59.

Grant, E.C. 1969. Human facial expression. Man 4:525-536, Plates la-I 2b. Grant, E.C. 1968. An ethological description of non-verbal behavior during interviews. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 41:177-184.

Grasse, P.P. 1955. Traite de zoologie, 17 (fascicule a).

Grizimek, B. 1965. Wild Animal White Man. London, Thames and Hudson.

Grombrich, E.H. 1972. Action and Expression in Western Art in Non-verbal Communication. R.A. Heinde (ed.). Cambridge University Press, London.

Guthrie, R.D. 1971. A new theory of mammalian rump patch evolution. Behavior 38:132-145.

Guthrie, R.D. 1970. Evolution of human threat display organs. Evolutionary Biology 4:257-302.

Guthrie, R.D. 1971. Evolutionary significance of the cervid labial spot. Jour. Mammalogy 52:209-212.

Guthrie, R.D. 1969. Senescence as an adaptive trait. Perspect. Biol. Med. 12:313-324.

Guthrie, R.D. and Petocz, R. 1970. Weapon automimicry among mammals. Amer. Nat. 104:585-588.

Hall, E.T. 1969. The language of space. J. Amer. Inst. Arch. Feb.

Hall, E.T. 1966. The Hidden Dimension. New York, Doubleday.

Hall, E.T. 1964. Silent assumptions in social communication. Am. Anthrop. 66: 154-163.

Hall, E.T. 1955. The anthropology of manners. Sci. Amer., April 84-90.

Hall, K. R. L. 1963. Tool-using performances as indicators of behavioral adaptability. Curr. Anthrop. 4:479-487.

Hall, K.R.L., R.C. Boelkins and M.J. GasweU. 1965. Behavior of the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) in captivity, with notes on the natural habitat. Folia Primat. (Basel) 3:22-49.

Hamburg, D. 1968. Evolution of emotional responses: Evidence from recent research on nonhuman primates. Sci. and Psychoanal. 12.

Hamburg, D. 1963 Emotions in the perspective of human evolution. In Expression of theEmotions in Man. P.H. Knapp, New York, International University Press.

Harlow, H.F. 1963. The maternal affectional system. In Determinants of Infant Behavior 11. B.M. Foss (ed.). London, Methuen.

Harlow, H.F. 1958. The nature of love. American Psychologist 13:673-685.

Hediger, H. 1965. Man as a social partner of animals and vice-versa. In Social Organization of Animal Communities, pp. 29-314. Symp. Zool. Soc., London No. 14.

Hediger, H. and F. Zweifel. 1962. Primaten-ethologische Schnappschusse aus dem Zurcher Zoo. Bibi. Primat. 1:252-276.

Heider, K.G. 1970. The Dugumdani. New York, Viking Foundation Press, No. 49:244-247.

Hershkovitz, P. 1968. Metachromism or the principle of evolutionary change in mammalian tegumentary colors. Evolution 22:556-575.

Hess, E.H. 1965. Attitude and pupil size. Sci. Amer. 212:46-54.

Hess, E.H. and Polt, J.M. 1960. Pupil size as related to interest value of visual stimuli. Science, New York 132:349-350.

Hess, E.H. 1975. The Tell-Tale Eye. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Hewes, G.W. 1966. The domain posture. Anthropological Linguist 8:106-122.

Hewes, G.W. 1957. The anthropology of posture. Sci. Amer. 196:123-132.

Hewes, G.W. 1955. World distribution of certain postural habits. Am. Anthropol. 57:231-244.

Hinde, R.A. 1972. Non-Verbal Communication. Cambridge University Press.

Hooton, E. 1946. Man's Poor Relations. New York, Doubleday and Company, Inc.

Huber, E. 1931. Evolution of Facial Musculature and Facial Expression. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press.

Hulse, F.S. 1967. Selection for skin color among the Japanese. Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop. 27:143-155.

Hurley, H.J. and W.B. Shelley. 1960. The Human Sweat Gland in Health and Disease. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas, Publishers.

Hutt, C. and Ounsted, C. 1966. The biological significance of infantile autism. Behav. Sci. 11:346-356.

Izard, D. 1968. Cross-cultural research findings on development in recognition of facial behavior. Proc. Amer. Psychol. Assoc. Convent. 3:727.

James, W.T. 1932. A study of the expressions of body posture. J. Genet. Psychol. 7:405-437.

Jolly, A. 1966. Lemur Behavior. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 187.

Jones, F.P., F.E. Gray, et al. 1959. An experimental study of the effect of head balance on patterns of posture and movement in man. J. Psychol 47:247-258.

Jones, M.R. 1943. Studies in nervous movements 11. The effect of inhibition o micturition on the frequency and patterning of movements. J. Gen. Psychol. 47:247-258.

Kahneman, D. and J. Beatty. 1966. Pupil diameter and load on memory. Science 154:1583-1585.

Kastle, W. 1967. Soziale Verhaltenweisen von Chamaleonen aus der pumfluo und bitaeniatus - Gruppe. Zeit. f Tierpsychol. 24:313-341.

Keller, C., S. Ridgway, L. Lipscomb and E. Fromm. 1968. The genetics of adrenal size and tameness in colorphase foxes. Heredity 59:82-84.

Kendon, A. 1970. Movement coordination in social interaction. Acta Psychol. 32:100-125.

Kendon, A. 1970. Some relationships between body motion and speech. In Studies in Dyadic Interaction. New York, Pergamon.

Kendon, A. 1967. Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction. Ac Psychol 26:22-63.

Key, M. 1962. Gestures and responses: A preliminary study among some India tribes of Bolivia. Studies in Linguistics 16:92-99.

Khatchadourian, H. 1966. Gestures as expression in the middle east. ETC 23 358-361.

King, W.S. 1949. Hand gestures. Western Folklore 8:263-264.

Knapp, P.H. (ed.). 1963. Expression of the Emotions in Man. New York, International Universities Press.

Korn, N. and F. Thompson (eds.). 1967. Human Evolution: Readings in Physical Anthropology. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Kramer, E. 1963. The judgement of personal characteristics and emotions from non verbal properties of speech. Psychol. Bull. 60:408-420.

Krout, M.H. 1954. An experimental attempt to determine the significance of unconscious manual symbolic movements. J. Gen. Psychol. 5 1: 121-15 1.

Krout, M.H. 1935. Artistic gestures: An experimental study in symbolic movement Psychol. Monogr. 46.

Kummer, Hans. 1968. Social Organization of Hamadryas Baboons. Basel and New York, Karger.

Kummer, H. 1957. Sociales Verhalten einer Mantelparvian-Gruppe. Schweiz. Psychol, Beiheft 33.

LaBarre, W. 1947. The cultural basis of emotions and gestures. J. Person. 16:49-68 lack, D. 1968. Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds. London, Methuen an Co., Ltd.

Laver, J. 1964. Costume as a means of social aggression. In The Natural History of Aggression, J.D. Carthy and F.J. Ebling (eds.). New York, Academic Press, Inc.

Lawick-Goodaff, J.A. 1968. A preliminary report on expressive movements and communications in Gombe Stream Chimpanzees. In Primates: Studies in Adaptation and Variability. Phyllis C. Jay (ed.). pp. 313-374. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Lawick-Goodall, 1967. My Friends the Wild Chimpanzees. Washington, D.C. National Geographic Society

Lawick-Goodall, J.A. 1965. Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve. In Primate Behavior. (I. DeVore, ed.) pp. 425-473. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

LeBoeuf and R.S. Peterson. 1969. Social status and mating activity in elephant seals. Science 163:91-93.

Lent, P.C. 1966. Calving and related social behavior in the barren-ground caribou. Zeit. f 7ierpsychoL 23:701-756.

Leuthold, W. 1966. Variations in territorial behavior of Uganda kob Adenota kob Thomasi (Neumann, 1896). Behaviour 27:215-58.

Lewis, T.H. 1942. Biology of the Negro. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Leyhausen, P. 1956. Verhaltensstudien bei Katzen. Zeit. f TYerpsychoL Beihoft 2. Lorenz, K. 1966. On Aggression. London, Methuen.

Lorenz, K. 1964. Ritualized fighting. In The Natural History of Aggression. J.D. Carthy and F.J. Ebling (eds.) London and New York, Academic Press.

Lorenz, K. 1962. The function of color in coral reef fishes. Proc. Royal Inst. of Great Britain 39:282-296.

Lorenz, K. 1955. Morphology and behavior patterns in closely allied species. In Group processes, Transactions of the First Conference. B. Schaffner (ed.) pp. 168-220. New York, Josiah Macy, Jr. Found.

MacCoby, E. 1966. The Development of Sex Differences. Stanford, Stanford University Press.

Mackworth, N.H. and M.H. Bagshaw. 1970. Eye catching in adults, children and monkeys: Some experiments of orienting and observing responses. Res. Pub. Ass. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 48:201-213.

MacLean, P.D. 1969. The paranoid streak in man. In Beyond Reductionism. A. Koestler and J.R. Smythies (ed.). London, Hutchinson.

MacLean, P.D. 1962. New findings relevant to the evolution of psychosexual functions of the brain. J. Nerp. Ment. Dis. 135:289-301.

Maginnis, M. 195 8. Gesture and status. Group Psychother. I 1: I OS- 1 09.

Martin, R. and K. SaUer. 1962. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Vol. 4. Stuttgart, G. Fischer.

Maslow, A.H., H. Rand and S. Newman. 1960. Some parallels between sexual and dominance behavior of nonhuman primates: Vol. 2. A.M. Schrier, H.F. Harlow and F. Stollnitz (eds.). pp. 335-364.

Maslow, A.H., H. Rand and S. Newman. 1960. Some parallels between sexual and dominance behaviour of infra-human primates and the fantasies of patients in psychotherapy. J. of Nerv. and Men. Dis. 13 1:202-212.

Masters, W.H. and V.E. Johnson. 1966. The Human Sexual Response. Boston, Little, Brown and Company.

Matthiessen, P. 1962. Under the Mountain Wall. New York, BaBantine books, 1969 edition.

McBride, G., M.G. King and J.W. James. 1965. Social proximity effects on galvanic skin responses in adult humans. J. Psychol. 61:15 3-15 7.

Meggitt, M.H. 1962. The Desert People. Angus and Robertson, p. 262 (printed in the U.S.A. by University of Chicago Press).

Michael, G. and F.N. WiHis. 1968. The development of gestures as a function of social class, education and sex. Psychological Record 18:515.

Milne, A.H. 1955. The humps of East African cattle. The Empire J. of Experimental Agriculture. Vol. 23, Nos. 91-92.

Mitchell, J.C. 1968. Dermatological aspects of displacement activity: Attention to the body surface as a substitute for flight or fight. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 98:962-964.

Montagna, W. 1963. The phylogenetic significance of the skin of man. Arch. Dem. (Chicago) 38:5 3-7 1.

Montagna, W. and R.A. Ellis. 1963. New approaches to the skin of primates. In Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates, Vol. 1. J. Buettner-Janusch (ed.). New York, Academic Press, Inc., pp. 179-195.

Montagna, W. and J.S. Yun. 1963. The skin of primates. XV. The skin of the chimpanzee (Pan satynis). Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop. 21:189-203.

Montagna, W., H. Machida, and E. Perkins. 1966. The skin of primates. XXVIII. The stump-tailed macaque (Macaca speciosa). Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop. 24: 71-86.

Morris, D. (ed.) 1970. Primate Ethology. New York, Doubleday and Co.

Morris, D. 1969. The Human Zoo. New York, Dell Publishing Co.

Morris, D. 1967. The Naked Ape. London, Cape.

Morris, D. 1957. "Typical intensity" and its relation to the problem of ritualization. Behavior I lrl-12.

Morris, D. 1956. The feather postures of birds and the problem of the origin of social signals. Behaviour 9:75-113.

Moss, H. A. 1967. Sex, age and state as determinants of mother-infant interactions. Merrill-Palmer Quart. 13.

Moynihan, M. 1955. Remarks on the original sources of displays. Auk 72:240-246. Murphy, R.F. 1964. Social distance and the veil. Am. Anthrop. 66:1257-1274.

Myrberg, A.A. 1965. A descriptive analysis of the behavior of the African cichlid fish, Pelmatochromis guentheri (Savage). Animal Behavior 13:312-320.

Napier, J.R. and P.H. Napier. 1967. A Handbook of Living Primates. New York, Academic Press, Inc.

Oppenheimer, A.M. 1968. Behavioral novelty - An evolutionary force. Am. Anthrop. 70:562-563.

Osgood, C.E. 1966. Dimensionality of the semantic space for communication via facial expressions. Scand. J. Psychol. 7:1-30.

Perutz, K. 1970. Beyond the Looking Glass; America's Beauty Culture. New York, Morrow.

Pittman, A-T., M. B. Parloff and D.S. Boomer. 1965. Facial and bodily expression: A study of receptivity of emotional cues. Psychiat. 28:239-244.

Price, J. 1967. The dominance hierarchy and the evolution of mental illness. Lancet 2:243-246, July 29.

Price, J. 1968. Neurotic and endogenous depression: A phylogenetic view. Brit. J. Psychiat. Soc. Work 114:119-126.

Pruitt, W.O. 1960. Behavior of the Barren-Ground Caribou. Biological Papers, University of Alaska No. 3.

Quackenbos, H.M. 1945. Archetype postures. Psychiat. Quart. 19:589-591.

Quay, W.B. and D. Muller-Schwarze. 1970. Functional histology of integumentary glandular regions in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Jour. Mamm. 51:675-674.

Rasa, O.A.E. 1968. Territoriality and the establishment of dominance by means of visual clues in Pomacentrus jenkinsi (Pisces: Promcentridae). Zeit. f TierpsychoL 26:825-845.

Reich, W. 1947. The Function of the Orgasm: Muscular Attitude and Bodily Expressions. New York, Orgone Institute Press.

Robson, L.S. 1967. The role of eye to eye contact in maternal-infant attachment. J. Child. Psychol. 8:13-25.

Robson, L., F. Pederson, and H.A. Moss. 1969. Developmental observations of diadic gazing in relation to the fear of strangers and social approach behavior. Child Develop. 40:619-627.

Rosenberg, B.G. and J. Langer. 1965. A study of postural-gestural communication. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 2:5 9 3-5 9 7.

Rosenfeld, H.M. 1966. Instrumental affiliation functions of facial and gestural expressions. J. Personal Soc. Psychol. 4:65-72.

Rue, L.L. 1962. The World of the White-Tailed Deer. New York, Lippincott.

Saitz, R.L. and E.J. Cervenka. 1962. Colombian and North American gestures, a Contrastive Inventory. Bogota, Centro-Colombo-Americana, 90 pp.

Schaller, G.B. 1963. The Mountain Gorilla. University of Chicago Press.

Scheflen, A.E. 1964. The significance of posture in communication systems. Psychiatry 27(4):316-331.

Sebeok, T.A. 1962. Coding in the evolution of -signaling behavior. Behav. ScL 7: 430-442.

Sebeok, T.A. and A. Ramsey (eds.). 1969. Approaches to Animal Communication. The Hague, Netherlands, Mouton.

Seltzer, C.C. 1946. Body disproportions and dominant personality traits. Psychosom. Med. 8:75-97.

Sharman, G.B. and J.H. Calby. 1964. Reproductive behavior in the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa, in captivity. C.S.I.R.O. Wildl. Res. 9:58-85.

Spuhler, J.N. (ed.). 1967. Genetic Diversity and Human Behavior. Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co.

Stonor, C. R. 1940. Courtship and display among birds. London.

Strohmayer, W. 1937. Die Vererbung des Hapsburger Famuientypus. Nova Acta Leopoldina 5:219-296.

Struhsaker, T.T. 1967. Behavior of elk (Cerpus canadensis) during the rut. Zeit. f Tierpsychol. 24:80-114.

Sudoff, R.L. 1966. On the nature of crying and weeping. Psychiat. Quart. 40: (3): 490-503.

Thoday, J.M. and J.B. Gibson. 1970. Environmental and genetical contributions to class difference: a model experiment. Science 167:990-992.

Thompson, D.F. and L. Mettzer. 1964. Communication of emotional intent by facial expression. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 68:129-135.

Thompson, T.I. 1964. Visual reinforcement in fighting cocks. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 7:45-49.

Thompson, T.I. 1963. Visual reinforcement in Siamese fighting fish. Science 141: 55-57.

Thornton, G.R. 1944. The effect of wearing glasses on judgments of persons seen briefly. Jour. Appl. Psychol. 28:203-207.

Tiger, L. 1970. Dominance in human societies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1:287-305.

Tiger L. and R. Fox. 1966. The zoological perspective in social science. Man 1: 1.

Tinbergen, N. 1968. On war and peace in animals and man: Science 160:1411-1418.

Tinbergen, N. 1964. The evolution of signaling devices. In Social Behavior and Organization among Vertebrates. W. Etkin (ed.). Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press.

Tinbergen, N., E. Ennion, and H. Faikus. 1970. Signals for Survival. Oxford, The Clarendon Press.

Tinbergen, N. and M. Moynihan. 1952. Head flagging in the black-headed gun, its function and origin. Britain Birds 45:19-22.

Tomkins, S.S. 1963. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. Vol. 11, The Negative Affects. New York, Springer.

Tomkins, S.S. 1962. Affect, Imagery Consciousness. Vol. I, The Positive Affects. New York, Springer.

Tomkins, S.S. and McCarter, R. 1964. What and where are the primary affects? Some evidence for a theory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 18:119-158.

Trivers, R. 1971. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quart. Rev. Bio., March, p. 35.

van Hoof, J.A.R.A.M. 1967. The facial displays of catarrhine monkeys and apes. In Primate Ethologie (D. Morris, ed.), pp. 7-68. Wiedenfield and Nicholson, London.

van Hoof, J.A.R.A.M. 1962. Facial expression in higher primates. Symp. Zool. Soc. London 8:97-125.

Vine, 1. 1970. Communication by facial-visual signals. In Social Behavior in Birds and Mammals. J.H. Cook (ed.) pp. 279-236. Academic Press, New York.

Wall, G.V. 1942. The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Cranbrook Inst. of Sci. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

Walters, J., D. Pearce and L. Dahms. 1957. Affectional and aggressive behavior of preschool children. Child Develop. 28:15-26.

Walther, F. 1958. Zum Kampf- und paarungsverhalten einiger Antilopen. Zeit. f TYerpsychol. 15:350-380.

Washburn, S.L. Behavior and the origin of man. (Huxley Lecture delivered November 9, 1967 at the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London).

Washburn, S.L. 1963. Comment on tool-using performances as indicators of behavioral adaptability by K.R.L. Hall. Curr. Anthrop. 4:492.

Webb, W.W., et al. 1963. Eye movements as a paradigm of approach and avoidance behavior. Percept. Motor Skills 16:341-347.

Wickler, W. 1967. Socio-sexual signals and their intra-specific imitation among primates. In Primate Ethology, pp. 69-147. D. Morris (ed.). Aldine, Chicago.

Wickler, W. 1966. Mimicry. McGraw-Hill Co., New York 255 pp.

Williams, F. and J. Tolch. 1965. Communication by facial expression. J. Commun. IS:17-27.

Wilson, P.R. 1968. Perceptual distortion of height as a function of ascribed academic status. J. Soc. Psychol. 74:97-102.

Winick, C. 1962. Eye and face movements as nonverbal communication in group psychotherapy. J. Hillside Hosp. 9:67-69. (See also Amer. J. Psychoth. 15:S6-62 Psychiat. 24:171-182, 1961).

Wolf, A.P. 1970. Childhood association and sexual attraction: A further test of the Westermarck hypothesis. Am. Anthrop. 72:503-515.

Wolf, A.P. 1966. Childhood association, sexual attraction, and the incest taboo: A Chinese case. Am. Anthrop. 68:883-898.

Woolpy, J.H. 1968. 'Me social organization of wolves. Nat. His. 77:46-55.

Zajonc, R.B. 1965. Social facilitation. Science 149:269-274.

Zumpe, D. 1965. Laboratory observations on the aggressive behavior of some butterfly fishes (Chaetodentidae). Zeit. f lyerpsychol. 22:226-244.