Musclar System
(all page numbers for Martini)
Name	Location	Origins	Insertions	Actions
Head and Neck- p. 269
Frontalis		frontal bone	galea aponeurotica
Nasalis	across the nose	maxilla	bridge of nose	compresses bridge
Depressor anguli oris	corner of mouth to side of chin	mandibular body	skin at angle of mouth	depresses corner of mouth
Platysma	sheath over face/neck	superior thorax	mandible & skin of cheek	tenses skin of neck, depress mandib
Procerus	between eyes/top of nose	nasal bones	aponeurosis (nose/forehead)	moves noses,change shape nostrils
Temporalis	over temporal bone	temporal lines of skull	coronoid process of mandibl	elevates mandible &closes jaw
Masseter	down from ear to chin	zygomatic arch	angle of mandibular ramus	elevates mandible &closes jaw
Sternothyroid	276, long inner center of neck	manubrium	thyroid cartilage of larynx	depresses hyoid bone & larynx
Omohyoid	276,Y shaped,outercenter neck
Orbicularis oris	circle around mouth	maxilla & mandible	lip	compresses,purses lips
Zygomaticus major	zygo bone to corner of mouth	zygomatic bone	angle of mouth	retracts/elevates corner of mouth
Depressor labii inferioris	center bottom lip to chin	mandible	skin of lower lip	depresses lower lip
Risorius	corner of mouth	fascia by salivary gland	angle of mouth	draws corner of mouth to side
Occipitalis		occipital bone	galea aponeurotica
Sternocleidomastoid	270, Y shaped, outer neck	clavicle/manubrium	mastoid region, sup nuchal	flex the neck (tog)
Sternohyoid	276, covers sternothyroid	clavicle/manubrium	hyoid bone	depresses hyoid bone & larynx
Galea aponeurotica	sheath over top of head
Orbicularis oculi	circle around eye	medial margin of orbit	skin around eyelids	closes eye
Levator labii superioris	bottom of eye to corner of mouth	inferior margin of orbit	orbicularis oris	elevates upper lip
Mentalis	chin	mandible	skin of chin	elevates & protrude lower lip
Buccinator	corner of mouth to ear (below)	alveolar processes	orbicularis oris	compresses cheek
Medial pyterygoid	273, below mandible	lat pyter, palatine, maxill	mandibular ramus (medial)	elevates mandible &closes jaw
Lateral pyterygoid	273, below mandible	lat pyter, greater wing	ant neck of mandib condyle	opens jaw, protrudes mandible
Digastric	276, above hyoid and mylohyoid	mandible/temporal bone	hyoid bone	depresses mandible, opening mouth
Mylohyoid	276, sheath over geniohyoid	mandible	raphe to hyoid	elevates floor of mouth
Geniohyoid	276, angle of mandible to hyoid	mandible (medial at chin)	hyoid bone	depresses mandible, opening mouth
Trunk- pp. 291, 292, 294
Latissimus Dorsi	lower central back	spin proc inf thor vert/all lumb vert	floor of groove of humerus	extension, adduction at shoulder
Pectoralis minor	ribs, over serratus anterior	ant/sup ribs 3-5	coracoid process of scapula	depresses & protracts shoulder
Pectoralis major	over ribs	cart of ribs 2-6, body of sternum	grooves in humerus	flexion, adduction at shoulder
External Oblique	tummy layer 1	external/inf of ribs 5-12	aponeurosis to linea aspera	compresses abdomen
Subscapularis	scapula to ribs	scapula	lesser tubercle of humerus	medial rotation at shoulder
Spleniu capitis	posterior neck	?scapula	occipital bone
Intercostals	between ribs	inf/sup border of each rib	sup/inf of more inf/sup ribs	elevate/depress ribs
Trapezius	upper back	occipital bone	clavicle and scapula	elevate/retract/depress/rotate scapula
Rectus abdominis	center tummy	sup surface of pubis	inf surface of cartilages (5-7)	depresses ribs
Internal oblique	tummy layer 2	lumbodorsal fascia	inf surface of rib 9-12	compresses abdomen
Erector spinae	internal, post,run down spinal cord
Subclavius	under pect maj, from clav to stern	first rib	clavicle	depresses & protracts shoulder
Serratus anterior	lower ribs	ant/sup ribs 1-9	ant of vert border of scapula	protracts shoulder
Transversus addominis	tummy layer 3	cart of ribs 6-12	linea alba and pubis	compresses abdomen
Romboid major	post, across over erector spinae	spin proc sup thor vert	vert border of scapula	downward rotation of scapula
Levator scapulae	post, between neck & shoulder	trans of 1st 4 cerv vert	vert border of scapula	elevates scapula
Pelvic Floor- pp. 284
Bulbospongiosus (male/female)	circles urethra/vagina	collagen sheath, fibers across ureth	perineum	stiffens penis or clitoris
Ischiocavernosus (male/female)	outside of bulbo	ramus/tuber of ischium	symphysis pubis anterior	stiffens penis or clitoris
Coccygeus	below glut max, posterior	ischial spine	sacrum and coccyx	flexes coccygeal joints
Levator anii (iliococcygeus,	between pubo and cocco	ischial spine and pubis	coccyx	tenses floor of plevis
pubococcygeus)	large around anus	inner margins of pubis	coccyx	tenses floor of plevis
External anal sphincter	arund anus	via tendon from coccyx	encircles anal opening	closes anal opening
Shoulder and Arm- pp. 267, 268, 294, 302
Deltoid	covers shoulder/scapula, ant	clavicel and scapula	delt tuber of humerus	abduction at the shoulder
Rhomboid major	post, across over erector spinae	spin proc sup thor vert	vert border of scapula	downward rotation of scapula
Subscapularis	scapula to ribs	scapula	lesser tubercle of humerus	medial rotation at shoulder
Triceps brachii	shoulder to elbow, post	humerus/scapula	olecranon of ulna	extension at elbow
Brachialis	ant upper elbow, either side,	ant/distal of humerus	ulnar tuberosity	flexion at wrist
Palmaris longus	ant to middle digits, near pinkie	med epicond of humerus	palmar aponeurosis	flexion at wrist
Flexor polliculus longus	302, ant inner to thumb	ant shaft of radius	base of phalanx of thumb	flexion at thumb joints
Extensor digitorium	post to digits, near thumb	lat epicond of humerus	post of phalanges (2-5)	extension at finger and wrist joints
Extensor polliculus longus	302, post inner to digits	post/lat of ulna	base of phalanx of thumb	extension at thumb joints
Infraspinatus	lower post scapula	infra fossa of scapula	tubercle of humerus	lat rotation at shoulder
Teres major	post scap-> humerus, lower minor	inf angle of scapula	groove of humerus	extension, adduction at shoulder
Coracobrachialis	below biceps,scapula to arm	coracoid process	shaft of humeru	adduction/flexion at shoulder
Biceps brachii	shoulder to elbow, ant	coracoid process	radial tuberosity	flexion at elbow and shoulder
Pronator teres	ant across elbow joint	med epicond of humerus	lat surface of radius	flexion at elbow
Flexor capri ulnaris	ant to pinkie	med epicond of humerus	pisifrom, hamate, 5th meta	flexion/adduction at wrist
Supraspinatus	upper post scapula	supra fossa of scapula	tubercle of humerus	abduction at the shoulder
Teres minor	post from scapula to humerus	lat border of scapula	greater tub of humerus	lat rotation at shoulder
Brachioradialis	ant to thumb	lat epicond of humerus	lat syloid proc of radius	flexion at elbow
Flexor carpi radialis	ant to middle digits, near thumb	med epicond of humerus	base of 2/3rd metacarpal	flexion/abduction at wrist
Flexor digitorium superficialis	under ant arm muscles	med epicond of humerus	middle phalanges (digits 2-5)	flexion in finger and wrist joints
Extensor carpi radialis longus	post from longus to thumb	lat supracond of humerus	base of 2nd metacarpal bone	extensoin/adduction at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis	post to thumb/brevis	lat epicondyle of humerus	base of 3rd metacarpal bone	extensoin/adduction at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris	post to digits, near pinkie	lat epicondyle of humerus	base of 5th metacarpal bone	extension/adduction at wrist
Leg- pp. 268, 308
Tensor fasciae latae	runs along outer leg	iliac crest	iliotibial tract	flexion/med rotation at hip
Adductor magnus	1st up & 4th bottom pelvis to leg	inf ramus of pubis	linea aspera of femur	adduction at hip
Pectineus	309, upper thigh, middle	sup ramus of pubis	pectineal line of femur	flexion/med rotation at hip
Iliopsoas	308, cover ant pelvic area	iliac fossa/ant vert T12- L5	less trochanter of femur	flexion at hip
Gluteus maximus	outer bottom	iliac crest	iliotibial tract	extension/lat rotation at hip
Adductor brevis	2nd upper pelvis to leg	inferior ramus of pubis	linea aspera of femur	adduction, flex, med rotat at hip
Gracilis	runs inner leg to inner pelvis	inferior ramus of pubis	med surface of tibia	flexion at knee
Gluteus medius	inner bottom	ant iliac crest	great troch of  femur	abduction/medial rotation at hip
Adductor longus	3rd upper pelvis to leg	inf ramus of pubis	linea aspera of femur	adduction, flex, med rotat at hip
Sartorius	inner leg to outer pelvis	ant sup iliac spine	med surface of tibia	flexion at knee
Soleus	314, cover hamstrings (post)	head & prox shaft of fibula	calcaneus	plantar flexioin at ankle
Flexor digitorium longus	315, post/med to big toe	posteromedial of tibia	inf of distal phalanges (2-5)	flexion of joints of toes 2-5
Achilles tendon
Gastrocnemius	314/316, out 2-layer of hamstring	femoral condyles	calcaneus	plantar flexion at ankle
Extensor digitorium longus	317, ant/lateral to middle toes	lat cond of tibia	sup of distal phalanges (2-5)	extension of toes 2-5
Tibialis anterior	317, ant/middle to middle toes	lat cond of tibia	base of 1st metatarsal bone	dorsifexion at ankle
Hamstrings- pp. 311, 314
Semitendinosus	medial/post, near knee/gracilis	ischail tuberosity	med surface of tibia	flexion at knee
Semimembranosus	middle/post	ischail tuberosity	post of medcond of tibia	flexion at knee
Biceps femoris	lateral/post, near tensor	ischail tuberosity	head of fibula	flexion at knee
Quadriceps- pp. 307, 309
Vastus laterales	lat to knee	ant/inf to great troch of femur	tibial tuber via patella tendon	extension at knee
Vastus medialis	med to knee	linea aspera of femur	tibial tuber via patella tendon	extension at knee
Vastus intermedius		anterolat of femur/linea aspera	tibial tuber via patella tendon	extension at knee
Rectus femoris	runs into patella	ant inf iliac spoine	tibial tuber via patella tendon	extension at knee