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Introduction to Cell & Molecular Biology (BIOL121) - Dr. S.G. Saupe (ssaupe@csbsju.edu); Biology Department, College of St. Benedict/St. John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321 |
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Introduction to Cell & Molecular Biology (BIOL121) - Dr. S.G. Saupe (ssaupe@csbsju.edu); Biology Department, College of St. Benedict/St. John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321 |
Genetics: Study Guide
Required
Readings:
text, Chapter 16 & 17
Goal
of the Unit: The
goal of this unit is to provide an introduction to Mendelian genetics and the
mechanisms of inheritance.
Important
Terms and Concepts: (Can
you use conversationally? Can you
prepare a concept map with these terms? Make
a crossword puzzle?)
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Some General Study Tips: The following are a few tips for preparing for the next exam:
Work as many genetics problems as you can
Sketch out non‑disjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis
and predict
Make a concept map
Work more genetics problems
Do the problems at the end of each chapter
Caution:
The
material in this unit is not readily "crammable".
I encourage you to spend some time with this material prior to
"exam‑eve".
Learning
Objectives: Upon completion of this unit you
should be able to:
summarize Mendel's contributions to the science of genetics
explain why it can be said that Mendel was `ahead of his time'.
compare and contrast dominant, recessive, incomplete dominance and
codominance and give examples
of each.
describe the characteristics of the following human traits: tongue
rolling (D), widow's peak (D), wet ear wax (D),
L/R interlocking fingers (D), attached earlobes (D), hitchhiker's thumb (D), PTC tasting (D), Chin fissure (D),
Darwin
tubercle (D), S‑methylthioester detection (r), pigmented iris (D),
freckles (D),
polydactyl (D), dimples (D), achondroplasia = dwarfism (r), albinism
(r), wooly hair (r), Huntington's disease (D), Marfan's syndrome (D)
describe the law of segregation and relate it to genes, chromosomes,
homozygous, heterozygous,
describe the law of independent assortment and relate it to genes,
chromosomes, homozygous, heterozygous
explain what is meant by "linked genes"
use a Punnett square (or other method) for predicting offspring from a
genetic cross
explain what is meant by multiple alleles and provide an example
describe what is meant by pleiotropy and provide an example
describe what is meant by polygenic inheritance and give an example.
explain the difference between phenotype and genotype. Give an example.
explain how otherwise normal parents can give birth to a child with a
genetic disease
explain what is meant by a testcross and how they are used
what is meant by a `carrier' of a genetic disease
describe two trait crosses
describe the genetics of eye color
indicate the sex chromosome composition of a normal male and female, and
individuals with Turner's,
Down's, Klinefelter's and Triplo‑X syndromes.
describe the procedure used to prepare a karyotype. Explain the role of colchicine in the process and why white bloods cells but not red ones are used for the procedure.
describe the procedures of amniocentesis and chorionic villi biopsy. Indicate the pros and cons of these procedures (not on exam)
predict the offspring resulting
from the fertilization of a gamete produced by the non‑disjunction of
sex chromosome during either meiosis I or II in both males and females
and normally produced gametes.
What is a Barr body?
explain the genetics of coat color in calico cats
explain why there is a 50%
probability of any one child being a girl (or boy).
explain what it means that the "father determines the sex of the
child".
give the genotypes of the parents if the offspring exhibit a 1:1 ratio of phenotypes. 3:1 ratio? 9:3:3:1 ratio? 1:1:1:1 ratio?
explain why peas were a good choice for an experimental organism
explain what is meant by "true‑breeding"
Consider a cat cell with a diploid number of two (2). This cell undergoes meiosis to form egg cells. Two of the genes in this cell are: (1) Fur Color - the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for white fur (b); and (2) Fur Thickness - the allele for thick fur (T) is dominant over the allele for thin fur (t). Prior to meiosis, one chromosome had alleles "B" and "T". The homologous chromosome had alleles "b" and "t".
Ignoring crossing over, what are the
possible genotypes of the gametes?
Assume this cat (genotype BbTt) is mated
with a completely homozygous recessive cat (bbtt). Give the phenotype,
phenotypic frequency and genotype of the expected offspring.
Now, suppose a cross-over occurs between
genes 1 and 2 in the individual with the genotype BbTt. Make a drawing
of this cell in the middle of metaphase I of meiosis. For each
chromatid indicate the position of the alleles using the letters "B",
"b", "T", and "t". Put the alleles for gene 1 about onequarter of the
way down from the top of the chromatids and those for gene 2 about
one-quarter up from the bottom of the chromatids.
Consider the cat with the genotype BbTt.
What are the possible genotypes of gametes that result from crossing
over?
Assume the parent cited above, with the genotype BbTt, is mated with a cat that has the genotype, bbtt. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring that result from crossing over?
Last updated: July 14, 2009 � Copyright by SG Saupe