Ways that members of "algal" phyla get their energy -- some are:
autotrophic
heterotrophic
mixotrophic
auxotrophic
Endosymbiosis and the origin of plastids
plastids arose from cyanobacteria through primary endosymbiosis
cyanobacteria vs. chloroplasts
The process of endosymbiosis and stages along the way:
predator-prey
lazy predator-cooperative prey
host-temporary guest (transient endosymbiosis)
host-endosymbiont (permanent endosymbiosis)
cell-organelle
This process occurred at the root of the Archeoplastid supergroup
Viridiplantae
chlorophytes (green algae) and kingdom Plantae
chloroplast characteristics
Rhodophyta
red algae
chloroplast characteristics
Glaucophyta
eukaryotic algae with "cyanelles" instead of chloroplasts
cyanelle characteristics
an "incomplete" endosymbiosis
secondary endosymbiosis
the chromalveolate supergroup (alveolates and stramenopiles)
stramenopiles
phaeophytes -- brown algae
bacillariophytes -- diatoms
chrysophytes -- golden-brown algae
xanthophytes -- yellow-green algae
non-stramenopiles
cryptophytes
haptophytes
chloroplast characteristics
cryptophytes also have a nucleomorph and phycobilins
alveolates
apicomplexans
ciliates
dinoflagellates
characteristics of typical chloroplasts
dinoflagellates have a wide variety of chloroplasts that vary in pigments, number of membranes and arrangement of thylakoids
apparently they have lost and regained chloroplasts repeatedly
tertiary endosymbiosis?
Excavates
euglenophytes
chloroplast characteristics
apparently evolved from a green alga
Rhizaria
chlorarchniophytes
chloroplast characteristics
apparently evolved from a green alga
click here to go to endosymbiosis vocabulary
on to the next topic -- red algae
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