Biochemistry Online: An Approach Based on Chemical Logic

Biochemistry Online

CHAPTER 6 - TRANSPORT AND KINETICS


D. MORE COMPLICATED ENZYMES

BIOCHEMISTRY - DR. JAKUBOWSKI

Last Update:  04/11/16

Learning Goals/Objectives for Chapter 6D:  After class and this reading, students will be able to

  • draw Cleland chemical reaction diagrams showing enzyme, substrate, and product interactions for multisubstrate and multiproduct sequential and ping-pong enzyme-catalyzed reactions;
  • draw double reciprocal 1/v vs 1/A plots at different fixed B concentrations for sequential and ping-pong multisubstrate reactions;
  • draw v vs S graphs in the presence and absence of allosteric inhibitors and activators for multi-subunit enzymes that display sigmoidal cooperative behavior (K systems) conforming to the MWC model;
  • differentiate between K and V systems for allosterically regulated enzymes using the MWC model and explain shifts in graphs of v vs S in the presence of allosteric effectors

D2.  Multi-Substrate Ping-Pong  Mechanisms

 In this mechanism, one substrate binds first to the enzyme followed by product P release.  Typically, product P is a fragment of the original substrate A.  The rest of the substrate is covalently attached to the enzyme E , which is designated as E'.   Now the second reactant, B, binds and reacts with the E' and forms a covalent bond to the fragment of A still attached to the enzyme, forming product Q.  This is now released and the enzyme is restored to its initial form, E.  This represents a ping-pong mechanism    An abbreviated notation  scheme is shown below for ping-pong mechanisms.  For this mechanism, Lineweaver-Burk plots at varying A and different fixed values of B give a series of parallel lines.  One example of a ping-pong enzyme is low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase.  It reacts with the small substrate p-initrophenylphosphate (A) which binds to the enzyme covalently with the expulsion of the product P, the p-nitrophenol leaving group.  Water (B) then comes in and covalently attacks the enzyme, forming an adduct with the covalently bound phosphate releasing it as inorganic phosphate.  In this particular example, however, you can't vary the water concentration and it would be impossible to generate the parallel Lineweaver-Burk plots characteristic of ping-pong kinetics. 



pingpong.gif (5823 bytes)

What are the meanings of the kinetic parameters, Km and Vm, for multisubstrate/multiproduct mechanisms?  Consider a random sequential bi-bi reaction for a "simple" case in which the rapid equilibrium assumption defines the binding of substrates A and B. 

RandSeqBiBiRapEqRx

By inspection, there would appear to be two types of "effective" dissociation constants for reactant A.  One describes the binding of A to E (Kia) and the other the binding of A to EB (Ka).  Using mass balance for E and relationship that v0=kcat[EAB], the following initial rate equation can be derived.

 RandSeqBriBrRapEqDer

Note that Kib does not appear in the final equation.  How can that be?  The answer lies in the fact that the final concentration of EAB can be derived from the path E to EA to EAB or from the path E to EB to EAB.  Assuming rapid equilibrium, KiaKb=KibKa. 

The following equation can be derived from ping-pong bi-bi mechanism.

ping pong bi bi equation

For simplicity, all of the enzyme kinetic equations have been derived assuming no products are present.

backNavigation

Return to 6D:  More Complicated Enzymes Sections

Return to Biochemistry Online Table of Contents

Archived version of full Chapter 6D:  More Complicated Enzymes

 

Creative Commons License
Biochemistry Online by Henry Jakubowski is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.