CH123 
Chapter 2:  Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

• THOUGHT EXPERIMENT: CUTTING A COPPER WIRE IN HALF....

• Definitions (taken from Chemical Principles by Atkins and Jones):

  element - a substance that can not  be separated into simpler components by chemical or physical techniques; A substance consisting of atoms of the same atomic number like the following Jmol structures: H₂, O₂, Cu, C -  graphite; diamond, Buckminsterfullerene, nanotubes

  atom -  the smallest electrically neutral particle of an element that contains a single nucleus and its surrounding electrons

  compound - a specific combination of elements that can be separated into its elements by chemical techniques but not physical techniques; a substance consisting of atoms of two or more elements in a definite, unchangeable ratio.

  molecule - the smallest particle of a compound that possesses the chemical properties of the compound; a definite, distinct, electrically neutral group of bonded atoms. (H₂, H₂O, NH₃, CH₃COOH)

• scanning tunneling microscope- STM  | 

• Carbon Monoxide Man (on Platinum)
• IBM - Xenon (on Nickel)
• Quantum Coral (48 Iron Atoms in Ring)
• molecular abacus (C60)  |  Buckyball

• nanotube  | nanosheet strength

• metallic and binary solids (CH234 Lab)

• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
• Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures (solutions): Solids in water
• Physical Processes Using for Separating Mixtures
• Paper Chromatography of Water Soluble Markers
• Chemical Change:  Electrolysis of water
• Features of Matter
• Laws of Matter
• Law of Multiple Proportions
• Cathode ray tube
• Millikan Oil Drop Animation
• Rutherford Au Foil Experiment
• Top 10 Most Beautiful Scientific Experiments - one view |
• Mass Spectrometry

• Isotopes:  Select atom from WebElements Pd. Table

• Electron Configuration:   Ionization Energies and Shells 

• Brief Background Tutorial on Bonding from CHEM 105:  Chemistry and Society

• Formation of an ionic bond between sodium and chlorine
• Bonds - sharing and transfering a pair of electrons:  The $ analogy
  1. nonpolar covalent
  2. polar covalent
  3. ionic bonds
• Electron Densities in a Covalent Bond
• Ionic vs. Covalent Bond
• Dipole Moment and Electron Density
• Bond Polarity (from Spartan)
• Naming: Ionic and Covalent Compounds
• Inorganic compounds - Jmol
• Name that Compound
• Atomistic simulation of the three phases of matter
• Interactive tutorial: Naming Simple Compounds Javascript
• Rules for Drawing Lewis Structures
• Lewis Structure Example Counting electrons (animation):  partial charge, octets, formal charge, oxidation numbers
• Lewis Structures: Jmol Key
• Counting Electrons again
• HCl + H20: Space fill model, electron density model, and reaction mechanism.
• Formation of Molecular Ions from Acids
• Chime Models - Chapter 2   Scroll to Chapter 2
• Chapter 2 Review  - Prentice Hall