Learning Goals/Objectives for Chapter 3A:  After class and this reading, students will be able to

• define a sugar
• apply knowledge about reactions at carbonyl carbons of aldehyde and ketones in the formation of hemiacetals/hemiketals and acetals/ketals from organic chemistry to draw mechanics showing cyclization of aldoses and ketoses and (hemiacetal/hemiketal formation) and of polymerization of aldoses and ketones to form dissacharide and polysaccharide (acetal/ketals). 
• draw open chain, Haworth (planar), and puckered (nonplanar) representations of 6 member cyclic sugars
• know the names of common trioses, ribose (5C) and hexoses and draw open chain, Haworth, and puckered representations of each
• differentiate between enantiomers, diastereomers and anomers of the hexoses
• explain the difference between reducing and nonreducing dissacharides
• draw the structure and name common sugar derivatives of the hexoses