Learning Goals/Objectives for Chapter 9C:
After class and this reading, students will be able to

• define kinases and phosphatases and their role in signal transduction
• define primary and secondary messengers and give specific examples of each
• describe the role of G proteins in coupling ligand induced conformational changes in the bound receptor to activation of specific effector proteins such as adenylate cyclase and phospholipase
• differentiate between kinases activated by second messengers and those activated by primary messengers (ligand-gated receptor Tyr kinases)
• describe the structural characteristics of G protein coupled serpentine receptors and ligand gated receptor tyrosine kinases
• draw a diagram showing the general features of kinases mediated signal transduction pathways that lead to activation of gene expression
• differentiate between neuron responses mediated by neurotransmitters on binding gated receptor/ion channels compares to G-protein coupled receptors